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Process Oil
What is a Process Oil?
Oil Used to Aid in Manufacture
- Becomes part of finished article
- Usually modifies properties of article
- Used to impart desired properties
- Used to reduce costs
Process Aid for Rubber
- Used at < 20 parts per hundred parts of rubber (20 phr)
Extender Oil for Rubber
- Used at 37.5, 50 -> 400 phr LOADINGS
Non-Rubber Applications
- May impart performance properties
- Used at various volumes
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What do we Expect a Process Oil to Do?
(In Rubber/Caulks/Sealants/Adhesives/Ink/Metal/Grease)
Aid in Processing
- Short mixing times
- Dispersion fillers/dissolve additives
- Does not interfere with curling or setting up
Modify Physical Properties
- Provides design properties
- Must stay in product
Retain Product Identity and Performance
- Retain physical properties on aging
- Main acceptable appearance on aging
Reduce Costs
In Manufacture
Of Product
- Add value added to the recipe
- Least expensive oil may not make lowest cost product
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Types of Oils
|
Solvent Power |
Color |
Stability |
$ Cost |
PARAFFINIC |
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NAPHTHENIC |
AROMATIC |
ASTM D2226 - Petroleum Extender Oil Classification
|
Oil Type |
Asphalenes
% max. |
Polar Cmpds
% max. |
Saturates |
AROMATIC
101
102 |
0.75
0.55 |
25
12 |
20 (max)
20.1-35.1 |
NAPHTHENIC
103 |
0.3 |
6 |
35.1-65 |
PARAFFINIC
104 |
0.1 |
1 |
65 (min) |
Naphtenic Oils - Major Applications and Reasons
|
Use |
Compat. or
Solvency |
Color and
Stability |
Other
Performance |
$ |
|
Rubber |
X |
X |
Rubber Props. |
|
|
Ink |
X |
X |
Dispersion |
|
|
Electrical |
X |
X |
Gassing |
|
|
Refrigeration |
X |
X |
Low Temp |
|
|
Metal Process |
|
X |
Purity |
|
|
Caulks/Sealant |
X |
X |
Caulks Props. |
|
|
Adhesives |
X |
X |
Purity |
|
|
Textiles |
X |
X |
Purity |
|
|
Wood Treat |
X |
|
|
X |
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Release Oil |
|
|
Residue |
X |
|
Gas Asorp. |
X |
|
|
X |
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Metalworking |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
Engine/Trans Oils |
X |
X |
Seals Conditioning |
X |
|
Hydraulic/Shock |
X |
X |
Viscometrics |
X |
Aromatic Oils
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Typical Properties |
ASTM
Method |
Sundex
840 |
Sundex
750T |
Sundex
790T |
Sundex
790TN |
Sundex
8125TN |
Sundex
7110T |
Sundex
7120T |
Sundex
8600T |
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Viscosity, cSt @ 40ºC |
D445 |
22.36 |
84.20 |
444.6 |
520.0 |
821.8 |
911 |
682.8 |
1307 |
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Viscosity, cSt @ 100ºC |
D445 |
3.416 |
7.130 |
16.20 |
15.97 |
21.75 |
26.10 |
25.08 |
51.30 |
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Viscosity, SUS @ 100ºF |
D2161 |
118.7 |
450 |
2500 |
2962 |
4711 |
5182 |
3812 |
7221 |
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Viscosity, SUS @ 210ºF |
D2161 |
37.7 |
50.2 |
85.3 |
84.4 |
110.0 |
130 |
125 |
250 |
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Flash, COC, ºC(ºF) |
D92 |
186 (367) |
204 (400) |
228 (440) |
226 (440) |
228 (440) |
240 (465) |
243 (469) |
302 (575) |
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Pour Point, ºC(ºF) |
D97 |
-12 (+10) |
+6
(+45) |
+18 (+65) |
+21 (+70) |
+21 (+70) |
+27 (+80) |
+27 (+80) |
+36 (+95) |
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Gravity, APL |
D1250 |
14.8 |
16.0 |
13.0 |
13.0 |
13.3 |
15.0 |
16.0 |
15.5 |
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Density @ 15º C, kg/dm3 |
D4052 |
0.9665 |
0.9590 |
0.9787 |
0.9787 |
0.9767 |
0.9653 |
0.9590 |
0.9620 |
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Pounds / Gallon |
D1250 |
8.05 |
7.99 |
8.16 |
8.16 |
8.14 |
8.04 |
7.99 |
8.02 |
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Total Acid No. mg KOH/g |
D664 |
0.45 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
0.25 |
0.20 |
0.31 |
0.18 |
0.41 |
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Total Sulfur, mass% |
D4294 |
1.1 |
0.80 |
0.90 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
- |
1.2 |
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Aniline Point, ºC(ºF) |
D611 |
15.7 (60) |
41.0(106) |
47.0(117) |
38.0 (100) |
48.0 (118) |
62.0 (144) |
68.7 (156) |
74.0 (165) |
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VGC |
D2501 |
0.942 |
0.920 |
0.916 |
0.928 |
0.920 |
0.901 |
0.896 |
0.892 |
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Molecular Weight, g/mole |
D2502 |
278 |
347 |
394 |
364 |
407 |
448 |
492 |
698 |
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Refractive Index @ 20ºC |
D1747 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.5374 |
- |
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Refractivity Intercept |
D2140 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.0595 |
- |
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Volatility, 22hr @
225ºF, mass % |
D972 |
3.43 |
0.75 |
0.32 |
0.50 |
0.14 |
0.12 |
0.35 |
0.07 |
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Carbon Type Analysis % |
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Armoatic (Ca) |
D2140 |
38 |
34 |
30 |
37 |
35 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
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Naphthenic (Cn) |
D2140 |
30 |
30 |
37 |
29 |
29 |
30 |
25 |
22 |
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Paraffinic (Cp) |
D2140 |
32 |
36 |
33 |
34 |
37 |
40 |
45 |
48 |
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Clay-Gel Analysis, mass % |
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Asphaltenes |
D2007 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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Polar Compounds |
D2007 |
3.7 |
5.2 |
13.0 |
9.8 |
11.3 |
11.7 |
11.8 |
15.9 |
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Aromatics |
D2007 |
78.6 |
66.5 |
63.2 |
70.8 |
67.8 |
63.3 |
55.2 |
57.9 |
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Saturates |
D2007 |
17.7 |
28.3 |
23.8 |
19.4 |
20.9 |
25.0 |
33.0 |
26.2 |
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